1. Furchgott RF, Zawadzki JV: The obligatory role of
endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature
1980;299:373376.
2. Nathan C, Xie Q-W: Nitric oxidesynthases: Roles, tolls, and controls.
Cell 1994;78:915918.
3. Tschudi M, Richard V, Bühler FR, et al: Importance of
endothelium-derived nitric oxide in porcine coronary resistance arteries. Am J Physiol
1991;260:H13-H20.
4. Boulanger C, Lüscher TF: Release of endothelin from the porcine
aorta: Inhibition of endothelium-derived nitric oxide. J Clin Invest 1990;85:587590.
5. Yokokawa K, Kohno M, Yasunari K, et al: Endothelin-3 regulates
endothelin-1 production in cultured human endothelial cells. Hypertension
1991;18:304315.
6. Stewart DJ, Langleben D, Cernacek P, et al: Endothelin release is
inhibited by coculture of endothelial cells with cells of vascular media. Am J Phisiol
1990;259:H1928H1932.
7. Barton M, Shaw S, Lüscher TF: 17b-oestradiol inhibits endothelin-1
production stimulated by thrombin but not by angiotensin II in human endothelial cells
(abstr). Hypertension 1996;28:708.
8. Ikeda U, Yamamoto K, Maeda Y, et al: Endothelin-1 inhibits nitric
oxide synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension 1997;29:6569.
9. Vaughan D, Lazos S, Tong K: Angiotensin regulates the expression of
plasminogen activator inhibitor in cultured endothelial cells. J Clin Invest
1995;95:9951000.
10. Ross R: The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: A perspective for the
1990s. Nature 1993;362:801809.
11. Garg UC, Hassid A: Nitric oxide-generating vasodilators and
8-bromo-cyclic guanosine monophosphate inhibit mitogenesis and proliferation of cultured
rat vascular smooth muscle cells. J Clin Invest 1989;83:17741777.
12. Battegay EJ, Raines EW, Seifert RA, et al: TGF-beta induces bimodal
proliferation of connective tissue cells via complex control of an autocrine PDGF loop.
Cell 1990;63:515524.
13. Cosentino F, Hishikawa K, Katusic ZS, et al: High glucose increases
nitric oxide synthase expression and superoxide anion generation in human aortic
endothelial cells. Circulation 1997;96:2528.
14. Taddei S, Salvetti A: Menopause is associated with endothelial
dysfunction in women. Hypertension 1996;28:576582.
15. Gogia H, Mehra A, Parikh S, et al: Prevention of tolerance to
hemodynamic effects of nitrates with concomitant use of hydralazine in patients with
chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;26:15751580.
16. Mügge A, Elwell JH, Peterson TE, et al: Release of intact
endothelium-derived relaxin factor depends on endothelial superoxide dismutase activity.
Am J Physiol (Cell Physiol) 1991;260:C219C225.
17. Uematsu M, Ohara Y, Navas JP, et al: Regulation of endothelial cell
nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression by shear stress. Am J Physiol (Cell Physiol)
1995;269:C1371C1378.
18. Garg UC, Hassid A: Nitric oxide-generating vasodilators and
8-bromo-cyclic guanosine monophosphate inhibit mitogenesis and proliferation of cultured
rat vascular smooth muscle cells. J Clin Invest 1989;83:17741777.
19. Gibbons GH: Mechanismn of vascular remodeling in hypertension: role
of autocrine-paracrine vasoactive factors. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens
1995;4:189196.
20. Bennett MR, Evan GI, Schwartz SM: Apoptosis of human vascular smooth
muscle cells derived from normal vessels and coronary atherosclerotic plaques. J Clin
Invest 1995;95(5):22662274.
21. Garg UC, Hassid A: Nitric oxide-generating vasodilators and
8-bromo-cyclic guanosine monophosphate inhibit mitogenesis and proliferation of cultured
rat vascular smooth cells. J Clin Invest 1989;83:17741777.
22. Morishita R, Gibbons GH, Pratt RE, et al: Autocrine and paracrine
effects of a trial natriuretic peptide gene transfer on vascular smooth muscle and
endothelial cellular growth. J Clin Invest 1994;94:824829.
23. Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Bain RP, et al: The effect of
angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy. The Collaborative Study
Group. N Engl J Med 1993;329(20):14561462.
24. Maschio G, Alberti D, Janin G, et al: Effect of the
angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor benazepril on the progression of chronic renal
insufficiency. The angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibition in Progressive Renal
Insufficiency Study Group. N Engl J Med 1996;334(15):939945.
25. Rutherford JD, Pfeffer MA, Moyé LA, et al: Effects of captopril on
ischemic events after myocardial infraction: Results of the Survival and Ventricular
Enlargement trial. SAVE Investigators. Circulation 1994;90(4):17311738.
26. Shimokawa H, Flavahan NA, Vanhoutte PM: Natural course of the
impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxations in regenerating porcine endothelial cells:
Possible dysfunction of a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. Circ Res
1990;65:740753.
27. Rubanyi GM, Vanhoute PM: Oxygen-derived free radicals, endothelium,
and responsiveness of vascular smooth muscle. Am J Phisiol 1986;250 (Heart Circ Physiol
19): H815H821.
28. Miller MJS, Pinto A, Mullane KM: Impaired endothelium-dependent
relaxations in rabbits subjected to aortic coarctation hypertension. Hypertension
1987;10:164170.
29. Dohi Y, Criscione L, Pfeiffer K, et al: Angiotensin blockade or
calcium antagonists improve endothelial dysfunction in hypertension: Studies in perfused
mesenteric resistance arteries. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1994;24:372379.
30. Collen D: On the regulation and control of fibrinolysis. Edward
Kowalski Memorial Lecture. Thromb Haemost 1980;43:7789.
31. Sprengers DE, Kluft C: Plasminogen activator inhibitors. Blood
1987;69:381387.
32. Vaughan DE, Lazos SA, Tong K: Angiotensin II regulates the expression
of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in cultured endothelial cells. J Clin Invest
1995;95:9951001.
33. Kerins DM, Hao Q, Vaughan DE: Angiotensin induction of PAI-1
expression in endothelial cells is mediated by the hexapeptide angiotensin IV. J Clin
Invest 1995;96:25152520.
34. Falk E, Shah PK, Fuster V: Coronary plaque disruption. Circulation
1995;92:657671.
35. Small DM: Progression and regression of atherosclerotic lesions:
Insights from lipid physical biochemistry. Arteriosclerosis 1988;8:102129.
36. Shah PK: Pathophysiology of plaque rupture and the concept of plaque
stabilization. Cardol Clin 1996;14:1729.
37. Wissler RW: Significance of Chalamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) in
atherosclerotic lesions. Circulation 1995;92:3376.
38. Lüscher TF, Tanner FC, Tschudi MR, et al: Endothelial dysfunction in
coronary artery disease. Ann Rev Med 1993;44:395418.
39. Panza JA, Quyyumi AA, Callahan TS, et al: Effect of antihypertensive
treatment on endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in patients with essential
hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;21:11451151.
40. Celermajer DS, Sorensen KE, Georgakopoulos D, et al: Cigarette
smoking is associated with dose-related and potentially reversible impairment of
endothelium-dependent dilation in healthy young adults. Circulation
1993;88:21492155.
41. Mancini GBJ, Henry GC, Macaya C, et al: Angiotensin-converting enzyme
inhibition with quinapril improves endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in patients with
coronary artery disease: The TREND (Trial on Reversing ENdothelial Dysfunction) Study.
Circulation 1996;94:258265.
42. Asahara T, Bauters C, Pastore C, et al: Local delivery of vascular
endothelial growth factor accelerates reendothelialization and attenuates intimal
hyperplasia in balloon-injured rat carotid artery. Circulation 1995;91:27932801.
43. Bauters C, Meurice T, Hamon M, et al: Mechanisms and prevention of
restenosis: From experimental models to clinical practice. Cardiovasc Res
1996;31:835846.
44. Mintz GS, Popma JJ, Pichard AD, et al: Arterial remodeling after
coronary angioplasty: A serial intravascular ultrasound study. Circulation
1996;94:3543.
45. Linder V, Lappi DA, Baird A, et al: Role of basic fibroblast growth
factor in vascular lesion formation. Circ Res 1991;68:106113.
46. Pepine CJ: Ongoing clinical trials of angiotensin-converting enzyme
inhibitors for treatment of coronary artery disease in patients with preserved left
ventricular function. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;27:10481052.
47. Mosby Year Book,Inc.:Am.Heart J:135(4):614-620,1998.
48. Mosby Year Book,Inc.:Am Heart J:136(1):37-42,1998.
49. Quadrant Health Com,Inc.:Hospital
Medicine:34(1):11-12,17-20,25-26,28,1998.
50. Mosby Year Book,Inc:Am.Heart J:136(2):231-236,1998.